Essay writing - Descriptive English for IBPS and SBI PO Main Bank Exam

How can we provide better medical help to patients stuck in traffic?

Traffic jams are a part of daily life in India ,Each morning, extraordinary numbers of buses, cars, rickshaws and bikes manage to squeeze onto the city's narrow streets until they all mesh into one chaotic mass. Sometimes it's hard to tell whether traffic is moving forward or backward.
Over 1,37,000 people were killed in road accidents in 2013 alone, that is more than the number of people killed in all our wars put together..


There are incidents, where hospitals are just a few meters away but the patients dies due to lack of basic facilities which do not reach them on time. There are various reasons, like the delay caused by the traffic and crowd. When unavailability of proper care is experienced in a comparatively-developed city like Mumbai, then one can imagine the conditions in poor rural areas will be much worse.

India is a developing country, we can't expect all changes within a fortnight. We understand that we lack a lot on infrastructure, with a burden of burgeoning population on whatever minimum we have. We need to increase the number of hospitals and other facilities. India has one government hospital bed for 879 people on average. Also, there is poor doctor-patient ratio in India. There is only one doctor per 1,700 citizens in India. The World Health Organisation stipulates a minimum ratio of 1:1,000.

There is a need of revamping this delayed healthcare in the country, which is a bane in case the facilities do not reach the needy on time. A two pronged strategy is needed here, i.e. we must improve the already available infrastructure. Increase the quality of medical facilities we currently provide people. The second part being bringing in other facilities to enhance the healthcare facilities for the country.

We cannot copy the ideas of developed countries, but innovate specifically as per our conditions.

There should be emergency ambulances which can provide quick treatment on time. Here, we need to use an ambulance with all facilities for the treatment.

In such cases, where the patient can't reach the doctor, ambulance with all the facilities must reach the patient. It is not only about crowded areas, it is for every place a railway station, a busy metro, or remote areas of the country.

There should be Emergency Helpline Number System for these ambulances, and they should be connected to each other, so that in case of emergency the patient can be initially treated via video conferencing from the hospitals.

For metros, or local trains, automatic tunnel escalator passage should be de-veloped to fasten the commutation service.
Lack of awareness among motorists and general public about the seriousness of ambulance movement is dishearteningThere should be a basic first aid training given to the children in the schools, so in such a situation, crowded areas become a potential of knowledgeable people rather than burden on the ill person. People with more awareness will take more care of themselves as well.

Government should also ensure that every person should have medical insurance, as one may reach the hospital but may not be saved as may lack in monetary terms and will be unable to pay big hospital bills. Government has an overall responsibility over its citizens, it needs to work keeping in mind every small problem of its citizens.

India’s spending on GDP is minimal. It needs to be increased to provide the basic amenities to its people for better healthcare. People should not expect magical results when such a sad event occur, but we can pressurise our government to look in this important matter and develop better solutions.

 Many drivers lack road discipline and do not let ambulances pass. To deal with the problem, the traffic police plan a special awareness campaign with help from along with a non-governmental organization to educate the drivers. 

many drivers lack road discipline and do not let ambulances pass. To deal with the problem, the traffic police plan a special awareness campaign with help from along with a non-governmental organization to educate the drivers. - See more at: http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/traffic-police-plan-green-corridor-for-ambulances/#sthash.u4zV13W6.dpuf

The police, hospitals and citizens have to chip in to solve this serious problem. Sometimes ambulances are used for sundry or personal purposes. That's why instead of making way for it, many motorists try to jump traffic along with the ambulance. But there must be a solution where everyone understands responsibilities and acts accordingly.

Speed is the main reason behind accidents. An increase in average speed is directly related to both the likelihood of a crash occurring and to the severity of crash consequences. A 5% increase in average speed leads to an approximately 10% increase in crashes that cause injuries and a 20% increase in fatal crashes. Zones of 30 kmph can reduce crash risk and injury severity and are recommended in areas where vulnerable road users are particularly at risk," the report said.
 

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Essay writing - Descriptive English for IBPS and SBI PO Main Bank Exam

Is Our Taxation System Fair?

Every government collects taxes from its citizens in order to be able to fulfill its responsibility of providing proper roads, water, sanitation facilities, health care and education to the public. The government would need billions of dollars to carry out all its duties and it is due to the tax payers’ money that all this work is done. So, citizens are expected and mandated by law to pay the appropriate taxes. They have to pay taxes to their local state or county governments as well as to the federal government in certain instances.


Many people do not like the idea of paying taxes, of course. They hope that they could keep all their earnings to themselves. They feel that it is not fair for the government to grab a large percentage of their hard-earned money.  however if we are going to protect our country and pay out all the entitlement programs created by our government then we have to. They sometimes compare the tax percentages in other countries and feel that the amount of money they pay is too high when compared to the other nations.

But all said and done, taxes are extremely essential for the smooth running of a nation. Without taxes, the government would not be able to fulfill its obligations. It is necessary for us to get a proper perspective of why taxes are inevitable. Although we do not like the fact that we have to part with our earnings to support the government, we still have to see this as a benefit. In fact, we are paying the government to provide all the infrastructural facilities that we enjoy in our day to day life. If we can see taxes as a fee that we spend on ourselves for our own benefit, much like the money we pay at a restaurant to have a nice meal, we would find it easier to pay our taxes without feeling the pinch.

Statistics show that 75% of the country's revenue from income taxes comes from only 1% of the population. This percentage of the population makes over $200,000 per year either through their own personal income or if you are the owner of an small business that makes a large profit. since our country needs money to run, it will never be eliminated.

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Essay Writing -Descriptive English For Bank Exam IBPS And SBIPO Paper 2

 Write a short notes on  Rain forests help in maintaining the earths ecosystem

Rain forests are the world’s oldest living ecosystems. They are tall and dense. They are characterised by hot and humid climate and excessive amount of rainfall throughout the year. An amazing fact about them is that though they cover only six percent of the Earth’s surface, yet they contain more than half of the world’s plant and animal species. .

Circling the Earth’s equator like a belt, the tropical rainforests maintain a near constant temperature of 80 degrees Fahrenheit and receive anywhere from 160 to 400 inches of rain per year. These favorable weather conditions allow all life forms to flourish year- round. Furthermore, by virtue of their location, the tropical rainforests were spared the extreme loss of life that characterized other regions of the globe during the ice ages. These two factors help explain why the tropical rainforests are home to between 50 and 70 million different life form

In spite of all these benefits of rain forests, every year a certain area is cut and destroyed. The various reasons due to which exploitation of the rain forests is done are getting wood for timber, road construction, buildings construction, extraction of minerals and energy to name a few.

Also, the rain forests are being cut as they are being used to make huge profits by using these trees in construction and making paper.\

However, mankind soon needs to realise that there are very severe repercussions of cutting rain forests. Cutting down of rain forests bring about severe climatic changes. For example, Indonesia has experienced several severe draughts in the recent decades due to the same.

Cutting of rain forest also leads to an interruption in the water cycle thereby, causing an imbalance in the distribution of rainfall followed by soil erosion. Various plants and animals lose their habitat and various species become extinct.

For centuries together, man has only taken from the environment to satisfy his selfish needs. But a time has come, where even the endurance of the planet is being challenged. Like they say, excess of everything is bad. If, we do not stop exploiting our ecosystem now, a stage may come where it may become impossible to repair it.The real cure for the environmental problems is causing widespread awareness and an intention to salvage the same realising its importance and fear of loss.

Rainforests are often called the lungs of the planet for their role in absorbing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and producing oxygen, upon which all animals depend for survival. Rainforests also stabilize climate, house incredible amounts of plants and wildlife, and produce nourishing rainfall all around the planet.

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Essay Writing -Descriptive English For Bank Exam IBPS And SBIPO Main Exam

violence on TV has a direct impact on our children's behaviour.
Do you agree or disagree?

Most people in our society generally have the opinion that violence on television increases aggression in children and adolescents. However, the majority of the people who have researched this topic have discovered that violence on television is indeed one of the prime factors contributing to the increase in violent and aggressive behavior among the youth in society.

Researchers have identified three potential responses to media violence in children

• Increased fear
  Television frequently portrays a much more violent world than the real one, and this can have an effect on kids: children who have seen significant amounts of violence on TV are more likely to believe that the world is a frightening place. This effect is more powerful when the violence is portrayed realistically (as in thrillers or police procedurals) or when it is depictions of actual violence (as in documentaries or news programs).
• Desensitization to real-life violence
  There is significant evidence that exposure to violence in real life (for instance, witnessing violent crime or domestic violence) can cause young people to see violence as acceptable or unremarkable. ^[3] There is some evidence to suggest this may happen, on a smaller scale, as a result of exposure to media violence.
• Increased aggressive behaviour
  There seems to be a relationship between violent media and aggression, but it’s not clear whether violent media can make children more aggressive or whether kids who are already more aggressive are drawn to violent media.^] It’s also possible that the two reinforce one another, so that kids who are prone to be aggressive choose more violent media which encourages their aggressiveness.

These acts of violence shown on television have long lasting effects on children as they find it very thrilling and different from their regular life. They like to ponder on these scripts and start connecting to the acts in their real lives. However, if the same is not monitored, it can also change the permanent behaviour of the child. Sometimes, this threat is large enough to be treated as public health threat.

Hence, it is very important that parents monitor what their kids are watching on television and how they are spending their free time. This is because children learn from both experience and social learning or role modelling. As a result, when children watch violent acts, it is difficult from them to decipher which ones are real and to what an extent. This is where the parental or adult guidance can come to their help and prevent them from getting misguided. It is sadistic to note that even cartoon channels show lot of violence these days.

Also, medical science says that if violence is viewed for a long time, there are chemical changes which take place in the brain which are very similar to those that happen post traumatic stress disorder. Now, since the brains of young children are still developing, this can impact them badly.

Hence, it is very important that children get good guidance in choosing which television programs to watch and which video games to play. They should be encouraged to watch the inspirational or the humorous part of television. Developing interest in knowledge imparting channels like Discovery channel, History channel can be wonderful for their development.

Parents play a valuable role in reducing violence by raising children in safe and loving homes.Every child needs a strong, loving, relationship with a parent or other adult to feel safe and secure and to develop a sense of trust. Behavior problems and delinquency are less likely to develop in children whose parents are involved in their lives, especially at an early age..

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Essay Writing -Descriptive English For Bank Exam IBPS And SBIPO Main Exam

                              G7 Summit 2015, India's Role

The 41st G7 summit was held in Schloss Elmau, Krün, Bavaria, Germany on June 7–8, 2015 .The mean of G7 summit is the group of seven countries. The name of these country Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United kingdom, United state and European union. The Chancellor Angela Merkel has invited the heads of states government.The G7 organization also invitees some guest countries like Ethiopia, Iraq, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and also invited international Institutions like African Union, International Monetary Fund, United nation and World Bank.

The G7 Summit 2015 in Schloss Elmau will focus on the global economy as well as on key issues regarding foreign, security and development policy. Additionally the UN conferences to be held in 2015 as well as the post-2015 agenda will be discussed.

• Protection of the marine environment, marine governance and resource efficiency,
• Antibiotic resistance, neglected and poverty-related diseases, and Ebola,
• Retail and supply chain standards, and
• Empowering self-employed women and women in vocational training.

The motto of this year’s summit is “Think Ahead. Act Together”. Key topics for the German G7 Presidency and G7 Summit in Schloss Elmau include the global economy, foreign, security and development policy, as well as empowering self-employed women and women in vocational training, energy security, and the upcoming UN conferences on international climate protection and the post-2015 agenda. These issues are all of global medium- to long-term importance. The Group of Seven are aware of their shared responsibility – and conscious that they will only be able to find answers to the questions of the future if they closely coordinate their policies.

The G7 countries are key actors in international economic relation and as such carry great responsibility for creating reliable, sustainable and viable global economic conditions. If those countries are agreed on basic issues around economic development, cross border trade and effective prudent financial Market. That's why G7 will continue to work towards establishing an enabling environment that is stable in the long term in order to promote dynamic economic growth and well functioning labour market.
he role of India in G7 summit 2015.

India is the part of the Asia and fastest growing country in the world and it's playing very important role in the economy of many worlds.India is planning to raise the issue on terrorism in the G7 conference. Terrorism is the most important issue in the G7 meeting. Indian also requested to united nation to seize property and account to this terrorists and terrorist organization India also put these points in front of United Nation in G7 summit.

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Essay Writing -Descriptive English For Bank Exam IBPS And SBIPO Paper 2

Write a short note on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and the improvement they need

Of the numerous initiatives that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan, which would give Mahatma Gandhi the gift of a clean India on his 150th birth anniversary on October 2, 2019, has the greatest potential to transform the lives of all Indians – rich and poor. Sanitation has been the theme of virtually every government in recent times. Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi had launched the Central Rural Sanitation Programme in 1986 and Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee the Complete Sanitation Campaign in 1999.

sweeping streets and ending open defecation have occupied media centre stage. But equally critical to Swachh Bharat are access to piped water; well-functioning drainage, sewage and solid waste management in all cities and villages; elimination of ponds in which stagnant water collects and serves as host to bacteria and mosquitoes; instilling greater appreciation of cleanliness in all its aspects among the masses. Indeed, taking the campaign to its logical conclusion would require replacing slums with more spacious housing having piped water delivery and modern sewage facilities

Pursuit of Swachh Bharat also requires strengthening public health services. Services such as good drainage systems, absence of swamps and ponds that are home to stagnant water, and the supply of safe drinking water – all of which reduce exposure to and spread of diseases – are classic examples of public goods and require effective government intervention. Yet, as even a casual visit to any city or village makes obvious, drainage systems and general standards of hygiene in India remain poor

Swachh Bharat would do well to encourage each state to restart a separate public health department, accountable for the delivery of public health services. The department should have an independent budget and the charge of public health engineering services that are cri-tical to managing subsoil water drainage to control vector breeding, safe disposal of solid waste, water supply and sewage.

All TV channels must be encouraged to broadcast programmes featuring experts from medical and related fields who can credibly explain the damage that poor personal hygiene, littering and open defecation do to the health of all citizens. Rural folk must also be made aware of the health hazard posed by cohabitation with livestock, which naturally defecates in the open.

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Essay Writing -Descriptive English For Bank Exam IBPS And SBIPO Paper 2

As per WHO report, Delhi is the most polluted city in the world. How pollution can be controlled ? Give your opinion.

Introduction

The most recent global Environment Performance Index (EPI) 2014 rankings (US-based Yale University comparative study carried out in 178 countries on nine environmental parameters) released last month and have given our capital city the number one ranking for being the most polluted city in the world.   Delhi has overtaken China's Beijing, where pollution alerts prompted immediate government intervention. Delhi's air pollution is twice as that of Beijing and the city's air pollution levels have risen 44 per cent since last year.

Causes of pollution in Delhi

• Growing population of the city. The pressure and haphazard growth of the population is deteriorating the environment.
• There has been highly haphazard and unplanned development of industries and factories. Studies have revealed that only about 20% of the industrial units are set up in the approved industrial areas whereas the rest of them are in residential and commercial areas.
• There has been a huge rise in the vehicular population, in spite of the metro railways, aggravating traffic congestion and increasing air and noise pollution. It has also been reported that the number of vehicles plying on the roads of Delhi is more than that of the three metropolitan cities of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai taken together.
• There has also been an ever-increasing number of diesel vehicles plying on the roads, which are largely responsible for the air pollution.
• It has been reported by the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) that everyday almost 8,000 m tonnes of solid waste is being generated in Delhi. Plus we also have the industrial hazardous and non-hazardous waste. On an average, everyday, the MCDs and the NDMC manage to clear about 5,000-5,500 m tonnes of garbage. This results in the accumulation of more and more garbage in the city.
• There has been no proper technology or methods to treat solid, liquid, waste water, industrial and hospital wastes in the city.
• There has been too much dependence on fossil fuels like coal-fired power plants, improper use of energy in buildings and the excessive use of biomass for cooking and heating, etc

Government’s steps to control pollution in Delhi

• There are mobile enforcement teams deployed at various locations for monitoring polluting vehicles and vehicles not having PUC certificates.
• A Mass Rapid Transport System (MRTS) is being constructed with the aim of providing a non-polluting, useful and affordable rail-based mass rapid transit system for Delhi, integrated with other modes of transport.
• With a view to reducing vehicular pollution, there has been a ban imposed on the plying of more than 15 years old commercial/transport vehicles, taxis and autos that run on conventional fuels, including diesel driven city buses.
• There has also been tightening of mass emission standards for new vehicles.
• The quality of the fuel being supplied in Delhi has been significantly improved over the years by the ban of selling leaded petrol, introduction of low sulphur diesel, reduction of sulphur and benzene content in petrol.
• There has been regular placement of dustbins, purchase of additional front-end loaders, mechanical sweepers, dumper placers, tipper trucks, to collect and dispose of garbage.
• Steps are taken to transform garbage into compost by developing new sanitary land-fill sites.
• The Delhi Government has constituted a committee to implement the Bio-Medical Waste (management and handling) Rules, 1998.
• The Delhi Degradable Plastic Bag (Manufacture, Sale and Usage) and Garbage (Control) Act 2000 has been enacted for banning the manufacture and use of plastic bags, etc

Conclusion

It is the duty of every citizen to think in a broader perspective to control pollution. We really don’t want our future generations to live in an unhealthy environment in Delhi. We really don’t want our children or our elders to get into incessant coughing due to pollution.

To facilitate a smooth transition to levy of tax on services by both the centre and the states… the service tax rate is being increased from 12 per cent plus education cesses to 14 per cent. The education cess and secondary and higher education cess shall be subsumed in the new service tax rate. The revised rate shall come into effect from a date to be notified,” finance minister Arun Jaitley said while presenting the Budget 2015-16 - See more at: http://indianexpress.com/article/business/budget/service-tax-hiked-to-14-from-12-36-mobile-and-restaurant-bills-to-cost-more/#sthash.POEjHN7P.dpuf

To facilitate a smooth transition to levy of tax on services by both the centre and the states… the service tax rate is being increased from 12 per cent plus education cesses to 14 per cent. The education cess and secondary and higher education cess shall be subsumed in the new service tax rate. The revised rate shall come into effect from a date to be notified,” finance minister Arun Jaitley said while presenting the Budget 2015-16 - See more at: http://indianexpress.com/article/business/budget/service-tax-hiked-to-14-from-12-36-mobile-and-restaurant-bills-to-cost-more/#sthash.POEjHN7P.dpuf

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Essay Writing -Descriptive English For Bank Exam IBPS And SBIPO Paper 2

                    Write an essay on Energy Conservation 

Energy is an essential input for the industrial development. Energy is produced from commercial sources like coal, petroleum, hydroelectric schemes as well as from non-commercial sources like cowdung, fuelwood and agriculture wastes. Per capital consumption of commercial energy is something used as an index of the economic advancement that a country as attained. India’s per capita consumption of commercial energy, however, is very low. It is only one eight of the world average.

Commercial energy accounts for a little over half of the total energy used in the country, the rest coming from non-commercial sources. Share of agriculture in commercial energy consumption has risen rapidly over the past two-and-a-half decades.

Energy generation and environmental conservation are the twin issues arising from exploitative interaction of man with natural resources. Report of the International Energy Agency contains a simple but remarkable statement: “Investment in energy conservation at the margin provides a better return than investment in energy supply”.

Now, what do mean by this? This means that conservation of a unit of energy is cheaper and environmentally more desirable than to generate an additional unit. For, it is estimated that generation of every additional kilowatt for one hour of energy requires an investment of Rs. 7,000 to 12,000 in the form of new energy generation equipments.

Excessive utilization of coal and oil for generation of electricity leads to the multiple problems of acid rain, and rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. There are also political and economic implications like the increasing tension in the Persian Gulf, which is the major petroleum exporting area, and failing international competitiveness. All these threaten to strangle the world economy in a stagnation. Let us see how some steps taken to resolve these complex problems have tangled the issues further.

To reduce dependence on oil for generation of electricity by burning coal and oil, hydroelectric power stations and atomic energy stations were advocated. Huge dams can make substantial contributions to economic development in electricity-short developing countries like India, but as in any large-scale electricity generating option, there are trade-offs. Reservoirs inundate forests, farmland and wildlife habitats and uproot entire communities of indigenous people.

Thus, hasty solutions to a given problem may create more complications rather than solving it. In the recent past, countries have been expanding their energy budget presumably thinking that energy expenditure was the only way to development, but today the perspective has changed. One of the greatest challenges facing poor countries is to meet their energy needs without repeating the mistakes made by the rich countries. A goal of reducing national energy expenditure, if pursued rigorously, can lead to a strong emphasis on energy efficiency, improve economic competitiveness, and limit oil dependence.

A policy of Polluter pays must be adopted. In effect, this means specific disincentives are required to ensure that industries do not become too heavily dependent on fossil fuels that threaten life-support systems. The need of the day is to “insist on industries adopting clean technologies wherever available.”

The answer to the country’s energy needs can only life in adopting non-conventional sources of energy. A beginning is being made by Government of India to give the same type of resources and support to developing alternative sources of energy as have so far been extended to the development of conventional energy sources. The latter, as experience has shown, pose a great danger to the environment. Many environmentally safe alternatives have been found today, which await encouragement from the Government for proper exploitation.

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Essay Writing -Descriptive English For Bank Exam IBPS And SBIPO Paper 2

                          Responsibility of media in moulding public opinion.

Introduction
Today, in the age of globalization, media is considered as the most powerful organ and influential institution in the world Since then, Media has become so powerful that it can direct the minds and thoughts of the masses according to its own way at any issue. In the recent years, media played a significant and effective role to bring landmark changes in the society. 

Responsibility of media 

Today, it is the media, that mould the opinion of the people and has become a training institute. It is also being used for both purposes good and bad under the cradle of propaganda.  that media is playing and effective and pivotal role by imparting far-reaching impact on the country. Sometimes it is being used in the hands of such elements to fulfill their own selfish desires.

The media persons must keep in mind the ethics and responsibility of the press, it should avoid to project one-sided picture of a certain issue. Being a good and responsible informer it should provide balanced and an unbiased standpoint on any issue by keeping in view the integrity and national interest of the country.
So, media being a powerful organ in the present age of advanced communication and globalization, it must mould the public opinion but in a positive and constructive manner to bring progressive changes in the society for the well-being of the people. 

Therefore¸ it is core responsibility of the media, specifically the electronic media to constructive role in the best interest of the country.It projects the issues in such a manner to influence the general public for instance the role of media in reinstatement of judiciary and made it successful by supporting and actively participating in the movement of lawyers and civil society. 


 Conclusion

In any democratic country the media plays a vital role in creating, moulding and reflecting public opinion.  the media touches almost every aspect of our public life. The owners and managers of the media must realize their responsibility towards society and aim to provide information that is clean, transparent and reliable. There are many things that are wrong with the society, and the media should engage itself in the betterment of society and the nation as a whole. By addressing itself to the needs of the people, it can strengthen the very root of democracy. The Press has a wider access to the people; hence it has a very strong impact on the nation. It plays a vital role in the opinion making process of the country.


 

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Essay Writing -Descriptive English For Bank Exam IBPS And SBIPO Paper 2

Comment on the impact of rising inflation on Indian economy
Introduction
Inflation is a situation wherein there are continuous increases in the price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. In a lay man language inflation, could be defined as too much of money charged for few goods or products. When generally the price rises, unit of currency buys fewer goods and inflation also reflects on reduction in purchasing power of per unit of money. Inflation is usually calculated by annualised percentage change in a general price index (normally the consumer price index) over time. Apart from this there are other widely used price indices for calculating inflation like Producer price indices (wholesale prices), Commodity price indices, and Core price indices.
India is considered to be the large market that doesn’t have a monetary policy framework. This is one of the main reasons why India mostly faces rise in inflation after the financial crisis. Common factors for inflation are GDP deflator, regional inflation, historical inflation, asset price inflation.


 Effects of Inflation:

Inflation affects both the economy of a country and its social conditions, as well as the political and moral lives of its inhabitants. However, the economic effects of Inflation are stated and described below:

•     Price inflation has immense effect on the Time Value of Money (TVM). This acts as a principal component of the rates of interest, which forms the basis of all TVM calculations. The real or estimated changes occurring in the rates of inflation lead to changes in the rates of interest as well.

•     Inflation exerts impact on the treasury of a nation as well. In United States of America, Treasury Inflation-protected Securities (TIPS) ensures safety to the American government, assuring the public that they will get back their money. However, the rates of interest charged by TIPS are less compared to the standard Treasury notes.

•     The most immediate effect of inflation is the decrease in the purchasing power of dollar and its depreciation. Inflation influences the investments of a country. The Inflation-protected Securities (IPSs) may act as a guard against the loss in the purchasing power of the fixed-income investments (like fixed allowances and bonds), which may occur during inflation.

•     Inflation changes the allocation of income. This exerts maximum effect on the lenders than the borrowers at the time of persisting inflation, because the loans sanctioned previously are paid back later in the form of inflated dollars.

•     Inflation leads to a handful of the consumers in making extensive speculation, to derive advantage of the high price levels. Since some of the purchases are high-risk investments, they result in diversion of the expenditures from regular channels, giving birth to a few structural unemployments.

Conclusion

Most of the economists today have a low or a steady rate of inflation. Low or negative rate in inflation reduces the hardness of recession by allowing the market to adjust more quickly in a down turn and reduces the trap which prevents from monetary policy from stabilizing. Generally these policies are the authorities for central banks which have monetary control through interest rates, open markets operations, and reserve requirements. Issues which lead to inflation are: optimal inflation rate, money supply and inflation, global trade. Other than this there are several other factors which determine impact of inflation in India they are: demand factors, supply factors, domestic factors, external factors, etc.Inflation is basically targeting the general frame work which is the new way in opening up its capital account and moving in the direction of a flexible exchange rate.

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Essay Writing -Descriptive English For Bank Exam Paper 2

                                 Role of banking sector in Indian economy

 Introduction
Banking system plays a very significant role in the economy of a country. It is central to a nation’s economy as it caters to the needs of credit for all the sections of the society. Money-lending in one form or the other has evolved along with the history of mankind. Even in the ancient times, there are references to the money-lenders, in the form of sahukars and zamindars who lend money by mortgaging the land property of the borrowers.

Towards the beginning of the 20 century, with the onset of modern industry in our country, the need for government-regulated banking system was felt. The British government began to pay attention towards the need for an organized banking sector in the country and the Reserve Bank of India was set up to regulate the formal banking sector in the country.

 Ever since they were nationalized in 1969, banks have been playing a major role in the socio-economic life of the country. The have to act not only as purveyors of credit, but also as harbingers of social and economic development through a variety of enterprises, many of which may tiny and yet capable of generating productive energies

.India is not only the world’s largest independent democracy, but also an emerging economic giant. Without a sound and effective banking system, no country can have a health economy. For the past three decades, India’s banking system has several outstanding achievements to its credit. It is no longer confined to only the metropolitan, but have reached even to the remote corners of the country. This is one of the reasons of India’s growth process
 Improvement in Agriculture
.Agriculture in India has a significant history and it is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India. Finance in agriculture is an important as development of technologies. A dynamic and growing agricultural sector needs adequate finance through banks to accelerate overall growth. Most of the credit-related schemes of the government to uplift the poorer and the under-privileged sections have been implemented through the banking sector. With the passing of the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934, there were improvements in agricultural credit. Earlier, the co-operative banks were the main institutional agencies providing finance to agriculture.

  Improvement in rural sector
 But after nationalization of 14 major commercial banks, it was mandatory for them to provide finance to agriculture as a priority sector. Thus, agricultural credit acquired multi-agency dimension.The government has allocated `10000 crore to the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) for refinancing Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) to disburse short term crop loans to small and marginal farmers. The short-term crop loans scheme offers credit to farmers at 7 per cent interest rate. Besides, in order to reduce post-harvest losses, farmers are eligible to get post-harvest loans up to six months at 4 per cent interest rate provided they keep their produce in warehouses. The rural sector in a country like India can growth only if cheaper credit is available to the farmers for their short-and medium-term loans. In addition, the farmers get loans for purchase of electric motors with pump, tractors and other machinery, digging wells or boring wells, purchase of dairy animals and for many other allied enterprises.

   Improvement in Industrial Concerns
The Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) is the premier institution in India purveying financial assistance to the industrial sector projects. It provides direct financial assistance to the industrial concerns in the form of granting loans and advances, and purchasing or underwriting the issues of stocks, bonds or debentures. The creation of the Development Assistance Fund is the special of the IDBI. The Fund is used to provide assistance to those industries which are not able to obtain funds mainly because of heavy investment involved or low expected rate of returns. Assistance from the Fund requires the prior approval by the government. Apart from this, the IDBI even gives guidance to start a business.In addition to the above traditional roles, banks also perform certain new age functions which could not be thought of a couple of decades ago.

 Internet Banking
 Today, the banking sector is one of the biggest service sectors in India. Availability of quality services is vital for the well-being of the economy. The focus of banks has shifted from customer acquisition to customer retention. With the stepping in of information technology in the banking sector, the working strategy of the banking sector has been revolutionary changes. Various customer-oriented products like internet banking, ATM services, telebanking and electronic payment have lessened the workload of customers. The facility of internet banking enables a consumer to access and operate his bank account without actually visiting the bank premises. The facility of ATMs and credit/debit cards has revolutionized the choices available with the customers. Banks also serve as alternative gateways for making payments on account of income-tax and online payment of various bills like the telephone, electricity and tax. In the modern-day economy where people have not time to make these payments by standing in queue, the services provided by banks are commendable
 conclusion
To conclude, we can say that the modern economies of the world have developed primarily by making best use of the credit availability in their systems. India is on the march; far reaching socio-economic changes are taking place and Indian banks should come forward to play this role in the process. The role of banks has been important, but it is going to be even more important in the future.-

Banking system plays a very significant role in the economy of a country. It is central to a nation’s economy as it caters to the needs of credit for all the sections of the society. Money-lending in one form or the other has evolved along with the history of mankind. Even in the ancient times, there are references to the money-lenders, in the form of sahukars and zamindars who lend money by mortgaging the land property of the borrowers.

Towards the beginning of the 20 century, with the onset of modern industry in our country, the need for government-regulated banking system was felt. The British government began to pay attention towards the need for an organized banking sector in the country and the Reserve Bank of India was set up to regulate the formal banking sector in the country. Ever since they were nationalized in 1969, banks have been playing a major role in the socio-economic life of the country. The have to act not only as purveyors of credit, but also as harbingers of social and economic development through a variety of enterprises, many of which may tiny and yet capable of generating productive energies.

India is not only the world’s largest independent democracy, but also an emerging economic giant. Without a sound and effective banking system, no country can have a health economy. For the past three decades, India’s banking system has several outstanding achievements to its credit. It is no longer confined to only the metropolitans, but have reached even to the remote corners of the country. This is one of the reasons of India’s growth process.

Agriculture in India has a significant history and it is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India. Finance in agriculture is an important as development of technologies. A dynamic and growing agricultural sector needs adequate finance through banks to accelerate overall growth. Most of the credit-related schemes of the government to uplift the poorer and the under-privileged sections have been implemented through the banking sector. With the passing of the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934, there were improvements in agricultural credit. Earlier, the co-operative banks were the main institutional agencies providing finance to agriculture. But after nationalization of 14 major commercial banks, it was mandatory for them to provide finance to agriculture as a priority sector. Thus, agricultural credit acquired multi-agency dimension.

The government has allocated `10000 crore to the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) for refinancing Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) to disburse short term crop loans to small and marginal farmers. The short-term crop loans scheme offers credit to farmers at 7 per cent interest rate. Besides, in order to reduce post-harvest losses, farmers are eligible to get post-harvest loans up to six months at 4 per cent interest rate provided they keep their produce in warehouses. The rural sector in a country like India can growth only if cheaper credit is available to the farmers for their short-and medium-term loans. In addition, the farmers get loans for purchase of electric motors with pump, tractors and other machinery, digging wells or boring wells, purchase of dairy animals and for many other allied enterprises.

The Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) is the premier institution in India purveying financial assistance to the industrial sector projects. It provides direct financial assistance to the industrial concerns in the form of granting loans and advances, and purchasing or underwriting the issues of stocks, bonds or debentures. The creation of the Development Assistance Fund is the special of the IDBI. The Fund is used to provide assistance to those industries which are not able to obtain funds mainly because of heavy investment involved or low expected rate of returns. Assistance from the Fund requires the prior approval by the government. Apart from this, the IDBI even gives guidance to start a business.

In addition to the above traditional roles, banks also perform certain new age functions which could not be thought of a couple of decades ago. Today, the banking sector is one of the biggest service sectors in India. Availability of quality services is vital for the well-being of the economy. The focus of banks has shifted from customer acquisition to customer retention. With the stepping in of information technology in the banking sector, the working strategy of the banking sector has been revolutionary changes. Various customer-oriented products like internet banking, ATM services, telebanking and electronic payment have lessened the workload of customers. The facility of internet banking enables a consumer to access and operate his bank account without actually visiting the bank premises. The facility of ATMs and credit/debit cards has revolutionized the choices available with the customers. Banks also serve as alternative gateways for making payments on account of income-tax and online payment of various bills like the telephone, electricity and tax. In the modern-day economy where people have not time to make these payments by standing in queue, the services provided by banks are commendable.

To conclude, we can say that the modern economies of the world have developed primarily by making best use of the credit availability in their systems. India is on the march; far reaching socio-economic changes are taking place and Indian banks should come forward to play this role in the process. The role of banks has been important, but it is going to be even more important in the future. 

- See more at: http://www.sbank.in/2013/02/role-of-banks-in-indian-economy.html#sthash.lViPRANC.dpuf

Banking system plays a very significant role in the economy of a country. It is central to a nation’s economy as it caters to the needs of credit for all the sections of the society. Money-lending in one form or the other has evolved along with the history of mankind. Even in the ancient times, there are references to the money-lenders, in the form of sahukars and zamindars who lend money by mortgaging the land property of the borrowers.

Towards the beginning of the 20 century, with the onset of modern industry in our country, the need for government-regulated banking system was felt. The British government began to pay attention towards the need for an organized banking sector in the country and the Reserve Bank of India was set up to regulate the formal banking sector in the country. Ever since they were nationalized in 1969, banks have been playing a major role in the socio-economic life of the country. The have to act not only as purveyors of credit, but also as harbingers of social and economic development through a variety of enterprises, many of which may tiny and yet capable of generating productive energies.

India is not only the world’s largest independent democracy, but also an emerging economic giant. Without a sound and effective banking system, no country can have a health economy. For the past three decades, India’s banking system has several outstanding achievements to its credit. It is no longer confined to only the metropolitans, but have reached even to the remote corners of the country. This is one of the reasons of India’s growth process.

Agriculture in India has a significant history and it is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India. Finance in agriculture is an important as development of technologies. A dynamic and growing agricultural sector needs adequate finance through banks to accelerate overall growth. Most of the credit-related schemes of the government to uplift the poorer and the under-privileged sections have been implemented through the banking sector. With the passing of the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934, there were improvements in agricultural credit. Earlier, the co-operative banks were the main institutional agencies providing finance to agriculture. But after nationalization of 14 major commercial banks, it was mandatory for them to provide finance to agriculture as a priority sector. Thus, agricultural credit acquired multi-agency dimension.

The government has allocated `10000 crore to the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) for refinancing Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) to disburse short term crop loans to small and marginal farmers. The short-term crop loans scheme offers credit to farmers at 7 per cent interest rate. Besides, in order to reduce post-harvest losses, farmers are eligible to get post-harvest loans up to six months at 4 per cent interest rate provided they keep their produce in warehouses. The rural sector in a country like India can growth only if cheaper credit is available to the farmers for their short-and medium-term loans. In addition, the farmers get loans for purchase of electric motors with pump, tractors and other machinery, digging wells or boring wells, purchase of dairy animals and for many other allied enterprises.

The Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) is the premier institution in India purveying financial assistance to the industrial sector projects. It provides direct financial assistance to the industrial concerns in the form of granting loans and advances, and purchasing or underwriting the issues of stocks, bonds or debentures. The creation of the Development Assistance Fund is the special of the IDBI. The Fund is used to provide assistance to those industries which are not able to obtain funds mainly because of heavy investment involved or low expected rate of returns. Assistance from the Fund requires the prior approval by the government. Apart from this, the IDBI even gives guidance to start a business.

In addition to the above traditional roles, banks also perform certain new age functions which could not be thought of a couple of decades ago. Today, the banking sector is one of the biggest service sectors in India. Availability of quality services is vital for the well-being of the economy. The focus of banks has shifted from customer acquisition to customer retention. With the stepping in of information technology in the banking sector, the working strategy of the banking sector has been revolutionary changes. Various customer-oriented products like internet banking, ATM services, telebanking and electronic payment have lessened the workload of customers. The facility of internet banking enables a consumer to access and operate his bank account without actually visiting the bank premises. The facility of ATMs and credit/debit cards has revolutionized the choices available with the customers. Banks also serve as alternative gateways for making payments on account of income-tax and online payment of various bills like the telephone, electricity and tax. In the modern-day economy where people have not time to make these payments by standing in queue, the services provided by banks are commendable.

To conclude, we can say that the modern economies of the world have developed primarily by making best use of the credit availability in their systems. India is on the march; far reaching socio-economic changes are taking place and Indian banks should come forward to play this role in the process. The role of banks has been important, but it is going to be even more important in the future. 

- See more at: http://www.sbank.in/2013/02/role-of-banks-in-indian-economy.html#sthash.lViPRANC.dpuf

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Essay Writing -Role of insurance sector in Economic Development For Bank Exam

            Role of insurance sector in Economic Development

 Introduction:

Insurance plays an important role in an economy and a strong pillar of financial market. A well-developed insurance sector promotes economic growth by encouraging more industrial activities through risk-taking.For economic development investments are necessary. Investments are made out of savings. Life Insurance Company is a major instrument for the mobilization of savings of  people, particularly from the middle and lower group. All good life insurance companies have huge funds accumulated through the payments of small amounts of premium of individuals. These funds are invested in ways that contribute substantially for the economic development of the countries in which they do business The system of insurance provides numerous direct and indirect benefits to the individuals and his family as well as to industry and commerce and to the community and the nation as a whole. Present day organization of industry, commerce and trade depend entirely on insurance for their operation, banks, and financial institutions lend money to industrial and commercial undertakings only on the basis of the collateral security of insurance.

CONTRIBUTION TO INDIAN ECONOMY

Insurance is the only sector which garners long term savings

Insurers are increasingly introducing innovative products to meet the specific needs of the prospective policyholders. An evolving insurance sector is of vital importance for economic growth. While encouraging savings habit it also provides a safety net to both enterprises and Individuals.

Insurance Companies receive, without much default, a steady cash stream of premium or contributions to pension plans. Various actuary studies and models enable them to predict, relatively accurately, their expected cash outflows.

Liabilities of Insurance companies being long-term or contingent in nature, liquidity is excellent and their investments are also long-term in nature. Since they offer more than the return on savings in the shape of life-cover to the investors, the rate of return guaranteed in their insurance policies is relatively low. Consequently, the need to seek high rates of returns on their investments is also low. The risk-return trade off is heavily tilted in favour of risk.

  The insurance industry also provides crucial financial intermediary services, transferring funds from the insured to capital investment, critical for continued economic expansion and growth, simultaneously generating long-term funds for infrastructure development.

In fact infrastructure investments are ideal for asset-liability matching for life insurance companies given their long term liability profile. According to preliminary estimates published by the Reserve Bank of India, contribution of insurance funds to financial savings was 14.2 per cent in 2005-06, viz., 2.4 per cent of the GDP at current market prices. Development of the insurance sector is thus necessary to support continued economic transformation. Social security and pension reforms too benefit from a mature insurance industry.

conclusion

Insurance reduces the capital firms need to operate.it fosters investment and innovation by creating an environment of greater certainty. Insurers are solid partners for the development of a workable supplementary system of social protection, in particular in the field of retirement and health provision..Insurance promotes sensible risk-management measures through the price mechanism and other methods and contributes to responsible and sustainable economic development. .Insurance fosters stable consumption throughout the consumer’s life

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Descriptive English Essay Writing Focus On Bank Exam paper 2.

  Write  a short notes on MNCs and its merits and demerits

                    Multinational Corporations - MNCs 

An enterprise operating in several countries but managed from one (home) country. Generally, any company or group that derives a quarter of its revenue from operations outside of its home country is considered a multinational corporation.

There are four categories of multinational corporations:

 (1) a multinational, decentralized corporation with strong home country presence,
(2) a global, centralized corporation that acquires cost advantage through centralized production wherever cheaper resources are available,
 (3) an international company that builds on the parent corporation's technology or R&D, or
 (4) a transnational enterprise that combines the previous three approaches.

    Characteristics of Multinational Companies (MNCs)

1. Large Size:

A multinational company is generally big in size. Some of the multinational companies own and control assets worth billions of dollars. Their annual sales turnover is more than the gross national product of many small countries.

2. Worldwide operations:

A multinational corporation carries on business in more than one country. Multinational corporations such as Coco cola has branches in as many as seventy countries around the world.

3. International management:

The management of multinational companies are international in character. It operates on the basis of best possible alternative available any where in the world. Its local subsidiaries are managed generally by the nationals of the host country. For example the management of Hindustan Lever lies with Indians. The parent company Unilever is in The United States of America.

4. Mobility of resources:

The operation of multinational company involves the mobility of capital, technology, entrepreneurship and other factors of production across the territories.

5. Integrated activities:

6. Several forms:

A multinational company is usually a complete organisation comprising manufacturing, marketing, research and development and other facilities.

A multinational company may operate in host countries in several ways i.e., branches, subsidiaries, franchise, joint ventures. Turn key projects.

Advantages of  MNCs

(a) To take tax benefits in host countries;

(b) To exploit the natural resources of the host country;

(c) To take advantage of Government concessions in host country;

(d) To mitigate the impact of regulations in the home country;

(e) To reduce cost of production by making use of cheap labour and low transportation expenses in the host country.

(f) To gain dominance in foreign markets;

(g) To expand activities vertically.

Advantages of the growing MNCs to India

There are certain advantages that the underdeveloped countries like and the developing countries like India derive from the foreign MNCs that establishes. They are as under:

• Initiating a higher level of investment.
• Reducing the technological gap
• The natural resources are utilized in true sense.
• The foreign exchange gap is reduced
• Boosts up the basic economic structure.

Disadvantages of MNCs

Roses does not come without thrones. Disadvantages of having an MNCs in a developing country like India are as under-

• Competition to SMSI
• Pollution and Environmental hazards
• Some MNCs come only for tax benefits only
• Exploitation of natural resources
• Lack of employment opportunities
• Diffusion of profits and Forex Imbalance
• Working environment and conditions
• Slows down decision making
• Economical distress

- See more at: http://business.mapsofindia.com/india-company/multinational.html#sthash.jVwE3m1G.dpuf

     Disadvantages of MNCs  

 (a)  Competition to SMSI   

 (b)  Pollution and Environmental hazards    

 (c)  Some MNCs come only for tax benefits only   

 (d)  Exploitation of natural resources 

 (e) Lack of employment opportunities  

 (f) Diffusion of profits and Forex Imbalance   

 (g) Working environment and conditions 

 (h) Slows down decision making   

  (i) Economical distress

Advantages of the growing MNCs to India

There are certain advantages that the underdeveloped countries like and the developing countries like India derive from the foreign MNCs that establishes. They are as under:

• Initiating a higher level of investment.
• Reducing the technological gap
• The natural resources are utilized in true sense.
• The foreign exchange gap is reduced
• Boosts up the basic economic structure.

Disadvantages of MNCs

Roses does not come without thrones. Disadvantages of having an MNCs in a developing country like India are as under-

• Competition to SMSI
• Pollution and Environmental hazards
• Some MNCs come only for tax benefits only
• Exploitation of natural resources
• Lack of employment opportunities
• Diffusion of profits and Forex Imbalance
• Working environment and conditions
• Slows down decision making
• Economical distress

- See more at: http://business.mapsofindia.com/india-company/multinational.html#sthash.jVwE3m1G.dpuf

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Descriptive English Essay Writing for Bank Exam Paper 2

1.Write a short notes on E-banking and its advantages?

E-banking

Businesses rely on efficient and rapid access to banking information for cash flow reviews, auditing and daily financial transaction processing. E-banking offers ease of access, secure transactions and 24-hour banking options. From small start-up companies to more established entities, small businesses rely on e-banking to eliminate runs to the bank and to make financial decisions with updated information.

Advantage of E- banking

Activity Review

Business owners, accounting staff and other approved employees can access routine banking activity such as deposits, cleared checks and wired funds quickly through an online banking interface. This ease of review helps ensure the smooth processing of all banking transactions on a daily basis, rather than waiting for monthly statements. Errors or delays can be noted and resolved quicker, potentially before any business impact is felt.

Productivity

E-banking leads to productivity gains. Automating routine bill payments, minimizing the need to physically visit the bank and the ability to work as needed rather than on banking hours may decrease the time involved in performing routine banking activities. Additionally, online search tools, banking actions and other programs can allow staff members to research transactions and resolve banking problems on their own, without interacting with bank employees. In some cases, month-end reconciliations for credit card transactions and bank accounts can be automated by using e-banking files.

  Lower Banking Costs

Banking relationships and costs are often based on resource requirements. Businesses that place more demands on banking employees and need more physical assistance with wire transfers, deposits, research requests and other banking activities often incur higher banking fees. Opting for e-banking minimizes business overhead and banking expenses.

Reduced Errors

Utilizing e-banking reduces banking errors. Automation of payments, wires or other consistent financial activities ensures payments are made on time and may prevent errors caused by keyboard slips or user error. Additionally, opting for electronic banking eliminates errors due to poor handwriting or mistaken information. In many cases, electronic files and daily reviews of banking data can be used to double or triple check vital accounting data, which increases the accuracy of financial statements.

Reduced Fraud

Increased scrutiny of corporate finances through audits and anti-fraud measures requires a high level of visibility for all financial transactions. Relying on e-banking provides an electronic footprint for all accounting personnel, managers and business owners who modify banking activities. E-banking offers visibility into banking activities, which makes it harder for under-the-table or fraudulent activities

conclusion

Banking is very important for the business or an economy. It is a financial institution that is involved as payment agent for customers and facilitates borrowing and lending of money also. Banking is important to business because businesses deposit their extra money here. This way their money is not only safe but also earns interest for them. On the other hand, businesses can borrow money from banks when they need to invest in their businesses. Apart from that Banks also act as guarantee giver in case of creditors and suppliers.

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